Top World War II Museums in Berlin: A Visitor's Guide
Explore Berlin’s WWII history through its top museums—powerful sites that reveal the rise of Nazism, stories of resistance, and the lasting impact of war and remembrance.
Berlin, a city steeped in history, stands as a poignant reminder of the tumultuous events of World War II and its dark past. The German capital offers a unique opportunity to explore this dark chapter of human history through its numerous museums and memorials. These institutions not only preserve the past but also serve as powerful reminders of the consequences of totalitarianism and the importance of safeguarding democracy. Berlin’s transformation from the epicentre of Nazi power to a symbol of reconciliation and remembrance highlights the significance of the city's history, making it an unparalleled destination for those seeking to understand the complexities of 20th-century history. The DDR Museum is a key destination for understanding life in East Germany during the Cold War, with its interactive exhibits and authentic recreations of East German living conditions.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the top 14 World War II museums in Berlin, each offering a unique perspective on the war, its causes, and its aftermath. Whether you’re a history buff or simply seeking to understand this pivotal period, these museums provide invaluable insights into the complexities of World War II and its lasting impact on Germany and the world. If you are interested in exploring the city's history, visiting Berlin and its historical sites is highly recommended. From the grand institutions that tackle the broader narratives of the war to the intimate spaces that tell personal stories of resistance and survival, Berlin’s museums offer a multifaceted approach to understanding this critical period in history. The German Historical Museum is a key cultural institution that showcases Germany’s extensive history, including World War II, through diverse collections and exhibitions.
Introduction to World War II in Berlin
Berlin, the capital of Germany, played a pivotal role during World War II. As the epicentre of the Nazi regime, the city witnessed some of the most significant and devastating events of the 20th century. Berlin's political evolution from the German Empire to the Nazi era significantly influenced its central role in these historical events. From the rise of Adolf Hitler to the fall of the Berlin Wall, Berlin’s landmarks and museums serve as poignant reminders of its tumultuous past. The city’s numerous World War II sites, including the Jewish Museum and various memorials, offer a profound glimpse into the era’s history and the broader context of Berlin's history, making Berlin an essential destination for those seeking to understand the impact of the war.
Soviet artwork depicting the Battle of the Reichstag, May 1945
Brief Overview of World War II in Berlin
World War II had a profound and lasting impact on Berlin. The war, which began in 1939, saw Berlin become a primary target for Allied bombing raids, resulting in extensive damage and loss of life. The city was also the stage for significant events such as the Battle of Berlin in 1945, which marked the final major offensive in the European theatre. The capture of Berlin by Soviet forces in May 1945 signalled the end of the war in Europe, leading to the city’s division and the onset of the Cold War. These events have left an indelible mark on Berlin, shaping its history and identity. The preservation of Berlin's wartime history is evident in its many museums and memorials, which serve as reminders of the city's role during World War II and educate visitors about its past.
Importance of Visiting World War II Museums in Berlin
Visiting World War II museums in Berlin is essential for understanding the city’s history and the war’s impact on its people. These museums offer unique perspectives on the events of the war and, like many Berlin museums, showcase the city’s diverse and accessible cultural institutions. They feature personal stories, artefacts, and detailed exhibits that bring history to life.
By exploring these museums, visitors can gain deeper insights into the complexities of the war, the horrors of the Nazi regime, and the resilience of those who lived through it. These institutions not only educate but also serve as powerful reminders of the importance of remembering and learning from the past.
Essential World War II Museums in Berlin
While Berlin boasts numerous sites related to World War II, the following 15 museums stand out for their historical significance, comprehensive exhibits, and educational value. Let’s dive into what makes each of these museums a must-visit destination for those interested in World War II history. Guided tours are available for many of these important WWII sites in Berlin, allowing visitors to experience their historical significance firsthand. Each of these institutions contributes to a fuller understanding of the war, its causes, and its far-reaching consequences, helping visitors to grasp the complexities of this period and its relevance to our world today.
Berlin's WWII museums are comparable to those found in other major European cities, such as Paris, Prague, Krakow, and London, which are also renowned for their historical tours and significant sites.
Topography of Terror
Location: Niederkirchnerstraße 8, 10963 Berlin
Opening hours: Daily, 10:00 AM - 8:00 PM
Admission: Free
The Topography of Terror, a significant terror museum in Berlin, stands on the former site of the SS Reich Security Main Office and the Gestapo Headquarters, where the secret state police orchestrated much of the Nazi regime’s repression and surveillance. This free museum and documentation centre offers a chilling look into the Nazi regime’s apparatus of terror and persecution. The location itself is a powerful reminder of the physical proximity of evil, as visitors stand on the very ground where the architects of the Holocaust planned their atrocities.
Key features:
Extensive outdoor and indoor exhibits chronicling the rise and fall of Nazism
Displays on Nazi propaganda and the site’s history
Remnants of the Berlin Wall adjacent to the museum
Detailed timelines and biographical information on key Nazi figures
Regular special exhibitions focusing on specific aspects of Nazi terror
The Topography of Terror provides a sobering examination of the Nazi power structure and its devastating consequences, making it an essential stop for understanding the mechanisms behind the Third Reich. The museum’s approach is unflinching, presenting visitors with hard facts and stark realities that challenge easy assumptions about the nature of evil and the human capacity for cruelty.
German Resistance Memorial Centre
Location: Stauffenbergstraße 13-14, 10785 Berlin Opening hours: Tuesday-Sunday, 9:00 AM - 6:00 PM Admission: Free
Housed in the historic Bendlerblock, where Claus von Stauffenberg and other resistance members attempted to assassinate Hitler, this museum honours those who opposed the Nazi regime and resisted the Nazi dictatorship. The site itself is imbued with historical significance, allowing visitors to stand in the very spaces where brave individuals plotted to overthrow tyranny.
Key features:
Exhibits on various resistance groups and individuals
Documents and photographs detailing resistance activities
The memorial courtyard where resistance members were executed
Biographical sketches of key resistance figures
Information on the July 20, 1944, plot to assassinate Hitler
The German Resistance Memorial Centre offers a powerful counterpoint to the narrative of widespread German support for the Nazis, highlighting the courage of those who risked everything to oppose tyranny. The museum also commemorates the silent heroes who resisted Nazi persecution, ensuring their acts of bravery are not forgotten. It serves as a reminder that even in the darkest times, there are always those who stand up for what is right, often at great personal cost.
House of the Wannsee Conference
Location: Am Großen Wannsee 56-58, 14109 Berlin Opening hours: Tuesday-Sunday, 10:00 AM - 6:00 PM Admission: €6 for adults, free for students and under 18
This villa, where Nazi officials met in 1942 to coordinate the implementation of the “Final Solution,” now serves as a museum and memorial to the Holocaust, marking the site of the infamous Wannsee Conference. The contrast between the beautiful lakeside setting and the horrific plans made here serves as a stark reminder of the banality of evil.
Key features:
Exhibits on the Wannsee Conference and its participants
Documents and photographs related to the Holocaust, including archival materials and exhibits highlighting the significance of Eastern Europe during the Holocaust
Educational programs on antisemitism and racism
Detailed information on the process of planning the Holocaust
Exploration of the roles of various Nazi agencies in implementing genocide
The House of the Wannsee Conference provides a chilling look at the bureaucratic planning behind the Holocaust, emphasising the importance of recognising and resisting systemic evil. It demonstrates how genocide can be planned in mundane settings by seemingly ordinary individuals, challenging visitors to reflect on the nature of complicity and moral responsibility.
Museum Blindenwerkstatt Otto Weidt
Location: Rosenthaler Straße 39, 10178 Berlin Opening hours: Monday-Sunday, 10:00 AM - 8:00 PM Admission: Free
Entrance to the Otto Weidt Museum
This small museum tells the story of Otto Weidt, a brush manufacturer who employed and protected blind and deaf Jews during the Nazi era, representing the broader Jewish population targeted during the Holocaust. The intimate scale of the museum allows visitors to connect personally with the stories of those who worked here and the man who risked everything to protect them.
Key features:
Preserved workshop space
Personal stories of those Weidt helped save
Exhibits on everyday resistance during the Holocaust
Details on the methods Weidt used to protect his workers
Information on the fate of those Weidt tried to save
The Museum Blindenwerkstatt Otto Weidt offers an inspiring example of individual courage in the face of overwhelming evil, demonstrating how ordinary people can make extraordinary differences. It serves as a powerful reminder that resistance can take many forms and that even small acts of kindness and bravery can have profound impacts.
Memorial and Museum Sachsenhausen
Location: Straße der Nationen 22, 16515 Oranienburg Opening hours: March-October: Daily, 8:30 AM - 6:00 PM; November-February: Daily, 8:30 AM - 4:30 PM Admission: Free
The main entrance to Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp
Located just outside Berlin, Sachsenhausen was one of the first concentration camps established by the Nazi regime. Today, it serves as a powerful memorial and museum. The vast scale of the camp and the preserved structures provide a visceral understanding of the concentration camp system that words alone cannot convey. Additionally, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin serves as a significant Holocaust memorial and a poignant site for remembrance of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust.
Key features:
Preserved and reconstructed camp buildings
Exhibits on the camp’s history and its prisoners
Memorial sites within the campgrounds. The memorial consists of commemorative plaques, sculptures, and preserved structures that honor the victims and provide space for reflection.
Information on the different groups persecuted by the Nazis
Details on the camp’s role in the larger concentration camp system
Sachsenhausen provides a sobering look at the reality of the concentration camp system, offering visitors a chance to reflect on the horrors of the past and the importance of human rights. Walking through the camp gates, seeing the barracks, and standing in the roll call area creates an emotional impact that lingers long after the visit.
Berlin Story Bunker
Location: Schöneberger Straße 23A, 10963 Berlin Opening hours: Daily, 10:00 AM - 7:00 PM Admission: €12 for adults, €6 for children
Entrance to the Berlin Story Bunker Museum
Housed in a former air raid shelter, this museum offers a comprehensive overview of Berlin’s history, with a significant focus on World War II. The bunker’s unique setting adds an extra layer of authenticity to the exhibits, allowing visitors to experience some of the claustrophobic reality of wartime Berlin.
Key features:
Exhibits on Hitler’s rise to power and the Nazi era, including interesting exhibits that attract visitors with engaging content about Hitler, the Nazi regime, and World War II history
Reconstructed bunker rooms
Multimedia presentations on Berlin during the war
Information on daily life in Berlin during the bombing campaigns
Exhibits on the fall of Berlin and the immediate post-war period
The Berlin Story Bunker provides an immersive experience that helps visitors understand the context and consequences of World War II in Berlin. By covering a broad sweep of history within the confines of an actual wartime structure, the museum also features exhibits about where Hitler spent his last days in the Führerbunker, highlighting the historical significance of this period. It offers a unique perspective on how the war impacted the lives of ordinary Berliners.
Nazi Forced Labour Documentation Centre
Location: Britzer Straße 5, 12439 Berlin Opening hours: Tuesday-Sunday, 10:00 AM - 6:00 PM Admission: €5 for adults, free for under 18
Barracks of the former labour camp.
This museum, located on the site of a former forced labor camp, documents the Nazi regime’s extensive use of forced labor during World War II. It focuses specifically on Nazi forced labor and its historical significance, highlighting the scale and impact of this system. The preserved buildings and exhibits provide a tangible link to a often-overlooked aspect of Nazi oppression.
Key features:
Preserved barracks and air raid shelter
Exhibits on the daily lives of forced labourers
Personal stories and testimonies
Information on the companies that used forced labour
Details on the post-war struggles for recognition and compensation
The Nazi Forced Labour Documentation Centre sheds light on a often-overlooked aspect of Nazi oppression, honouring the millions of people forced to work under brutal conditions. It challenges visitors to consider the ongoing legacy of this exploitation and the responsibilities of corporations and governments in addressing historical injustices.
Anne Frank Centre
Location: Rosenthaler Straße 39, 10178 Berlin Opening hours: Tuesday-Sunday, 10:00 AM - 6:00 PM Admission: €6 for adults, €3 for concessions
While Anne Frank’s story is most closely associated with Amsterdam, this Berlin centre offers a unique perspective on her life and legacy. By connecting Anne’s story to the broader context of the Holocaust and contemporary issues of discrimination, the centre makes history relevant to today’s visitors.
Key features:
Exhibit “All About Anne” detailing her life and diary
Information on the Holocaust and its impact on children
Exhibits covering Jewish life in Germany from the Middle Ages to the present
Educational programs on antisemitism and discrimination
Interactive elements are designed to engage younger visitors
Connections between Anne’s story and contemporary human rights issues
The Anne Frank Centre personalises the Holocaust through the story of one young girl, making the enormity of the tragedy more accessible and relatable. By focusing on Anne’s hopes, dreams, and everyday experiences, the centre helps visitors, especially young people, connect emotionally with the human cost of the Holocaust.
Memorial SA Prison Papestrasse
Location: Werner-Voß-Damm 54A, 12101 Berlin Opening hours: Thursday-Sunday, 1:00 PM - 6:00 PM Admission: Free
Main building entrance
Inside the memorial and museum building
This hidden site was one of the earliest SA prisons, where political opponents and Jews were detained and tortured in 1933. Its unassuming exterior belies the horrors that occurred within, serving as a powerful reminder of how quickly and quietly repression can take root.
Key features:
Preserved prison cells
Exhibits on early Nazi persecution
Information on the SA's role in establishing Nazi power
Personal stories of those imprisoned here
Details on the methods used to intimidate and suppress opposition
The Memorial SA Prison Papestrasse offers insight into the early days of Nazi terror, demonstrating how quickly democratic norms can be eroded. It serves as a warning about the dangers of political violence and the importance of protecting democratic institutions from the very beginning of any authoritarian movement.
German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst
Location: Zwieseler Straße 4, 10318 Berlin Opening hours: Tuesday-Sunday, 10:00 AM - 6:00 PM Admission: Free
The place of surrender
T34/85 on display outside the exhibition
Housed in the building where Germany’s unconditional surrender was signed in 1945, this museum, also known as the German-Russian Museum, focuses on the war between Germany and the Soviet Union. Its location in former East Berlin provides an additional layer of historical context, bridging World War II and the Cold War era.
Key features:
Exhibits on the Eastern Front of World War II
The room where the surrender was signed
Soviet and German military equipment
Exhibits and memorials dedicated to the Soviet soldier, highlighting their role and sacrifice
Information on the impact of the war on civilians
Details on the immediate aftermath of the war and the division of Germany
Museum Berlin-Karlshorst offers a unique perspective on the end of World War II in Europe and the beginning of the Cold War era. By focusing on the often-overlooked Eastern Front, it provides a more complete picture of the war and its devastating impact on both military personnel and civilians. The significance of Soviet memorial sites in Berlin, such as those in Tiergarten, Treptower Park, and Pankow, further commemorates the contributions and sacrifices of the Soviet soldiers during WWII.
Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
Location: Breitscheidplatz, 10789 Berlin Opening hours: Daily, 9:00 AM - 7:00 PM Admission: Free
The church as seen from the main street.
Close-up of the battle damage still visible in the facade
While not primarily a museum, this church, damaged during World War II and preserved as a memorial, houses exhibits on its history and the war's impact. The juxtaposition of the ruined old church and the modern new church provides a powerful visual metaphor for Berlin's destruction and rebirth.
Key features:
Preserved ruins of the original church
Exhibits on the church's history and wartime destruction
Modern chapel integrated with the ruins
Information on the bombing of Berlin
Details on the decision to preserve the ruins as a memorial
The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church serves as a powerful symbol of both destruction and reconciliation, embodying Berlin's post-war journey. It reminds visitors of the devastating impact of war on cultural heritage and the different ways societies choose to remember and rebuild.
Olympic Stadium
Location: Olympischer Platz 3, 14053 Berlin Opening hours: Daily, 9:00 AM - 7:00 PM (tours available) Admission: €8 for adults, €5 for concessions
The main entrance to the Olympic Stadium
Built for the 1936 Olympics, this stadium played a significant role in Nazi propaganda efforts and was designed by renowned architect Werner March. It has exhibits on its history. The grand scale of the stadium and its architectural features explain the Nazi regime’s use of spectacle and monumentality to impress and intimidate.
Key features:
Tours covering the stadium’s Nazi-era history
Exhibits on the 1936 Olympics and their political context, including the stadium’s use for propaganda events during the Nazi era
Preserved architectural features from the Nazi period
Information on the stadium’s post-war use and renovation
Details on specific athletes and events from the 1936 Olympics
The Olympic Stadium offers insight into how the Nazi regime used sports and spectacle for political purposes, demonstrating the intersection of politics and culture. It challenges visitors to consider how authoritarian regimes can co-opt cultural events and institutions for propaganda purposes.
German Historical Museum
Location: Unter den Linden 2, 10117 Berlin Opening hours: Daily, 10:00 AM - 6:00 PM Admission: €7 for adults, €3.50 for concessions
The German Historical Museum stands as one of Berlin’s premier destinations for anyone seeking to understand the complexities of World War II and the broader sweep of German history. Located in the heart of central Berlin, this renowned institution offers a comprehensive journey through the country’s past, with a particular emphasis on the events and consequences of the Second World War. The museum’s permanent exhibition features an extensive section dedicated to the Nazi regime, providing visitors with a detailed look at the rise of Adolf Hitler, the mechanisms of Nazi rule, and the devastating impact of World War II on Germany and the rest of Europe.
Through a rich collection of artefacts, original documents, photographs, and personal testimonies, the German Historical Museum sheds light on the experiences of individuals and communities during this turbulent era. Visitors can trace the origins of the Nazi party, witness the unfolding of World War II, and explore the aftermath as Germany grappled with defeat, division, and eventual reunification. The museum also addresses the broader context of the Second World War, examining its effects on German society, the European continent, and the world at large. For those interested in the intersections of war, memory, and national identity, the German Historical Museum is a must-visit destination on any Berlin itinerary.
Other World War II Sites in Berlin
In addition to its renowned museums, Berlin is home to numerous other World War II sites that offer valuable insights into the city’s history. These sites provide a unique perspective on the events of the war and the subsequent division of the city. Visitors can also explore a variety of Cold War sites, such as the Stasi Museum and Berlin Wall Museum, which highlight the city's role during the Cold War period. Many of these locations feature areas known as no man's land, which held historical and symbolic significance as spaces of separation during Berlin's division, further enriching the visitor’s understanding of Berlin’s past.
Berlin Wall Memorial at Bernauer Strasse
The Berlin Wall Memorial at Bernauer Strasse is a must-visit site for anyone interested in World War II and Cold War history. Located at the site of the former Berlin Wall, which divided the city into East and West Berlin, the memorial offers a poignant reminder of the city’s division and the impact of the Cold War on its residents. Checkpoint Charlie, a historic border crossing and now a museum site, is another significant location that highlights the era's tensions and the city's divided past. The memorial features a preserved section of the wall, a museum, and a chapel, providing a comprehensive overview of the wall’s history and significance. Visitors can also see the last remaining watchtower and a reconstructed section of the wall, offering a glimpse into how it looked during the Cold War.
Peering through the Berlin Wall.
The nearby Brandenburg Gate stands as a symbol of both division and reunification, playing a central role during the Cold War and German reunification. The East Side Gallery, an iconic section of the Berlin Wall, is renowned for its artistic murals and status as the longest open-air gallery, commemorating the wall's historical and cultural significance. The Berlin Wall Memorial at Bernauer Strasse is a powerful testament to the city’s turbulent history and a vital site for understanding the broader context of World War II and its aftermath, especially the significance of the moment when the Berlin Wall fell in 1989.
Tips for Visiting Berlin’s World War II Museums
To make the most of your exploration of Berlin’s World War II museums and memorials, a bit of planning goes a long way. Consider investing in a Berlin Museum Pass, which grants you access to many of the city’s top cultural attractions, including the German Historical Museum, the Jewish Museum, and the impressive Museum Island complex. This pass not only saves you money but also streamlines your experience, allowing you to skip lines at some of the most popular World War II sites.
It’s wise to map out your itinerary in advance, as some museums—especially those with high visitor numbers or special exhibitions—may require reservations or have limited opening hours. Guided tours are highly recommended for history buffs, as they provide expert insights into the significance of each site and help contextualise the exhibits within the broader narrative of World War II and Berlin’s history. Whether you’re delving into the archives of the German Historical Museum, reflecting at the Jewish Museum, or exploring the treasures of Museum Island, a little preparation ensures a richer, more meaningful visit to Berlin’s WWII landmarks.
Planning Your Trip
When organising your journey to Berlin’s World War II sites, timing and preparation are key. The city is vibrant year-round, but the best months for visiting are typically from May to September, when the weather is pleasant and outdoor memorials are most accessible. If your interests include specific World War II or World War I events, consider aligning your trip with significant anniversaries, such as the construction of the Berlin Wall or the liberation of Sachsenhausen concentration camp. These dates often feature special exhibitions, commemorative ceremonies, and unique opportunities to engage with Berlin’s living history.
Before you set out, be sure to check the opening hours and ticketing policies for each concentration camp, museum, or memorial on your list, as they can vary by season and may be affected by public holidays or special events. Planning ahead ensures you won’t miss out on key experiences and allows you to make the most of your time exploring the city’s World War II heritage.
Best Times to Visit
The ideal time to explore Berlin’s World War II museums and memorials is during the spring and summer, when the city’s parks and open-air sites are at their most inviting. These months offer longer daylight hours, making it easier to fit multiple World War II attractions into your day. However, if you prefer a quieter, more contemplative atmosphere, the winter months can be equally rewarding. Visiting during the off-season means fewer crowds and a more sombre ambience, which can be particularly fitting for sites of remembrance and reflection.
Regardless of when you visit, it’s important to check the current opening hours for each museum or memorial, as some may operate on reduced schedules during the colder months or close temporarily due to weather conditions. A quick look at the attraction’s website or a phone call ahead of time will help you plan your visit and avoid any surprises.
Ticketing and Reservations
Many of Berlin’s World War II museums and memorials offer free or reduced admission, especially for students, seniors, and groups, making it accessible for all visitors to engage with the city’s history. However, some of the most popular attractions may require advance reservations or have limited capacity, particularly during peak travel seasons. To streamline your experience, consider purchasing the Berlin Welcome Card, which includes free or discounted entry to numerous museums and unlimited use of public transportation throughout the city.
You can buy the Berlin Welcome Card online or at tourist information centres, train stations, and participating museums. Always check the official website of each World War II site for the latest ticketing information and to secure your reservation in advance. This is especially important for high-demand locations or special exhibitions, ensuring you won’t miss out on any of Berlin’s essential WWII experiences.
Conclusion: Preserving Memory, Promoting Understanding
Berlin’s World War II museums collectively offer a profound and multifaceted exploration of one of history’s darkest chapters. From the grand institutions to the intimate memorial sites, each venue contributes to a fuller understanding of the war, its causes, and its far-reaching consequences.
These museums serve several crucial functions:
Education: They provide factual information about the war, the Holocaust, and the Nazi regime, ensuring that future generations understand the realities of this period.
Remembrance: By preserving artefacts, stories, and sites, they honour the victims and ensure that their experiences are not forgotten.
Warning: Many of these museums explicitly connect historical events to contemporary issues, serving as a warning against the dangers of authoritarianism, racism, and antisemitism.
Reflection: They encourage visitors to consider complex moral questions and reflect on individual and societal responsibilities in the face of injustice.
Reconciliation: By honestly confronting the past, these institutions contribute to Germany’s ongoing process of coming to terms with its history.
Visiting these museums can be an emotionally challenging experience, but it is also a deeply enriching one. They offer not just a window into the past but a mirror in which we can examine our present and consider our future. In a world where the lessons of history are all too often forgotten, Berlin’s World War II museums stand as vital guardians of memory and promoters of understanding.
As you plan your visit to Berlin, consider incorporating several of these museums into your itinerary. Each offers a unique perspective, and together they provide a comprehensive view of this critical period in history. By engaging with these sites, you contribute to the ongoing work of remembrance and education, helping to ensure that the lessons of the past continue to inform our present and shape our future. Additionally, Museum Island serves as a significant cultural and historical hub in Berlin, highlighting its various museums and their poignant connections to the city’s past. As one of the most prominent cities within the European Union, Berlin’s influence extends across Europe, underscoring its importance as a major cultural and historical centre in the EU.
Matthew Menneke
This article was written by Matthew Menneke.
Matt is the founder and guide of 'On the Front Tours', offering military history tours in Berlin. Born in Melbourne, Australia, Matt's passion for history led him to serve in the Australian Army Reserve for eight years. With a degree in International Politics and a successful sales career, he discovered his love for guiding while working as a tour guide in Australia. Since moving to Berlin in 2015, Matt has combined his enthusiasm for history and guiding by creating immersive tours that bring the past to life for his guests.
10 Fascinating Facts You’ll Discover on Our World War II Walking Tours in Berlin
Explore 10 fascinating WWII facts on our Berlin walking tours. Dive into history, landmarks, and stories that shaped the city's past.
Berlin is a city with a deeply complex and powerful history, and at On the Front Tours, we bring that history to life. Our World War II walking tours offer more than just a glimpse into the past—they immerse you in the stories, events, and places that shaped the course of history. In this post, we’ll share 10 fascinating facts that will not only enhance your tour experience but also deepen your understanding of this pivotal period. Whether you’re a dedicated history enthusiast or simply curious about Berlin’s role in World War II, these insights will captivate your interest and leave you eager to explore more.
1. The Legacy of the Berlin Wall
Remains of the Berlin Wall at the Bernauer Str. Memorial
The Berlin Wall is often seen as a defining symbol of the Cold War, but its roots are deeply tied to the fallout of World War II. Constructed in 1961, this wall physically represented the divide between East and West, a separation not just geographical but ideological, that arose after Germany's defeat. Our walking tours bring this history to life as you walk along the remnants of the wall. Understanding how post-war tension between the Soviet Union and the Western Allies shaped the construction of the Berlin Wall. Our tour offers profound insights into how divided societies operate and the long-lasting effects of such divisions.
You can feel the weight of history as you stand by the Brandenburg Gate, a site that once embodied the East-West split. The risk many took trying to cross this deadly barrier serves as a sobering reminder of the human cost of division and the extreme measures taken to maintain it. Exploring the legacy of the Berlin Wall during your tour connects you to a broader narrative about conflict, freedom, and the constant struggle for unity and peace.
2. The Secrets of Hitler’s Bunker
Site of the Führer Bunker today.
Beneath the bustling streets of Berlin lies an unsettling yet fascinating piece of history: Hitler’s bunker. This underground fortress, located near the heart of the city, was the scene of some of the most pivotal and grim decisions of World War II, including Hitler’s final days. On our walking tours, you’ll pass through the area where the bunker once stood, revealing stories of betrayal, despair, and the ultimate collapse of a regime that shaped the course of history. What makes this site even more intriguing is the contrast between the life that now flourishes above ground and the grim atmosphere that defined this hidden space during its last days. To fully explore Berlin, visiting significant sites like Hitler’s bunker is essential.
Visitors are captivated by the bunker’s historical and symbolic secrecy. For decades, it was buried both literally and metaphorically as post-war Germany sought to distance itself from this dark chapter. Yet, the stories of those who sought refuge in this space offer a window into the desperation, paranoia, and psychological collapse of a dictatorship in decline. These accounts force us to confront uncomfortable truths about human nature, power, and the consequences of unchecked authority—questions that remain deeply relevant to this day.
Soviet photo taken inside the bunker, May 1945
3. The Ghosts of the Reichstag
Still visible Soviet soldier graffiti on the rooftop facing Potsdamer Platz.
The Reichstag building is a cornerstone of German history, its walls bearing witness to some of the most chaotic and transformative events of the 20th century. Originally built in the late 19th century, the Reichstag’s role has shifted dramatically over time. Damaged extensively during World War II, its ruins became a powerful symbol of the collapse of the old regime. Today, the Reichstag stands tall as a beacon of German democracy, fully restored and open to the public—a living monument to Germany’s rebirth and a highlight of any tour of Berlin.
One of the most striking moments on our walking tours is recalling the 1933 Reichstag fire, an event Hitler used as a pretext to severely curtail civil liberties and consolidate power. As you approach this historic building, the air feels thick with the echoes of the past, where the balance between power and freedom was irrevocably altered. The Reichstag’s history is intertwined with Berlin’s own story—a city once shattered by war but now united under the principles of democracy and freedom. Walking through its shadows, you are reminded of the struggles, the resilience, and the eventual rebirth of a city that continues to stand as a symbol of hope.
4. The Allied Bombings of Berlin
German Civilians clearing the building rubble from Berlin Streets
Berlin endured relentless bombing during World War II, a campaign that reshaped the city’s future both physically and psychologically. From 1943 to 1945, the city faced wave after wave of Allied bombing, with the intent of breaking not only Germany’s military capacity but also the spirit of its people. The destruction was widespread and devastating. As you walk through the streets of modern Berlin today, the remnants of these bombings serve as constant, silent reminders of the city’s turbulent past. These scars in the city’s landscape infuse a sense of gravitas into every step of your tour, drawing you closer to the history that unfolded beneath your feet.
The bombings were meant to demoralise the population and force Germany’s surrender. However, Berliners demonstrated remarkable resilience. Amidst the chaos, they rebuilt and adapted, defying the very purpose of the attacks. Taking a guided walking tour gives you the historical context and the personal stories of those who lived through these dark times. Through these accounts, you will understand how Berlin’s wartime destruction fostered a sense of community, strength, and survival among its people. Our tour guides provide detailed accounts of the bombings and their impact on Berlin. Seeing the rebuilt city today is a testament to the indomitable spirit that has defined Berlin for generations.
5. Memorials That Tell the Truth
Often overlooked Stumbling Stones marking the last address of Holocaust victims
Berlin has several memorials to the horrors of World War II, each telling a different story. One of the most important is the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, a brutal reminder of the Holocaust. As you walk through the concrete blocks, you are asked to think about the millions who died. This is even more powerful during a walking tour, as the memorial’s brutality is in contrast to the life all around it.
Each memorial invites a broader conversation about rememberance, accountability, and healing. The design of the spaces forces you to engage with history. The stories of victims, survivors, and resistors come together and offer lessons for today and tomorrow. So, memorials are not just places of reflection but also a trigger for conversation, reminding us of our responsibility to never let this happen again. Private tours are a personal way to visit these memorials with local guides who will provide more context and tailor-made itineraries.
6. The Power of Propaganda
Matt standing on the steps of the Pergamon Museum. The Lustgarten played host to many NS rallies.
Propaganda was one of the most powerful tools wielded by the Nazi regime during World War II, shaping public opinion and controlling the narrative to support their destructive goals. On our Berlin walking tours, you’ll witness firsthand the remnants of this propaganda machine, which permeated nearly every aspect of daily life. From massive posters glorifying the Führer to subtle, insidious messages designed to instil fear and manipulate behaviour, propaganda was omnipresent in Nazi Germany. Its influence extended beyond the public square and into homes, schools, and workplaces, becoming an inescapable part of life in Berlin during the war.
As you encounter sites where Nazi propaganda once flourished, you’ll gain valuable insights into how such messaging shaped the mindset of a nation. These historical lessons also serve as a lens through which to view modern media and the information we consume today. The legacy of Nazi propaganda reminds us of the dangers of misinformation and manipulation, urging us to critically engage with the narratives that influence our own worldviews. Our knowledgeable guides will present these insights with a careful balance of reflection and engagement, making your tour both informative and thought-provoking. They strike just the right tone when discussing sensitive topics like propaganda.
7. The Strategic Role of Topography
Soviet soldiers battle their way through Berlin streets.
Berlin’s unique landscape played a crucial role during World War II. The city’s rivers, bridges, and open spaces weren’t just features of a bustling metropolis—they were key elements that shaped military strategy. As you walk through Berlin on our tours, a knowledgeable guide will help you understand how these geographical features influenced both defensive and offensive military actions, adding depth to your experience. From the dense woodlands of the Tiergarten to the city’s winding streets and extensive waterways, Berlin’s topography offered both strategic advantages and significant challenges during the war. Our tour guide will help you understand the military significance of Berlin’s topography.
The urban grid, originally designed for commerce and daily life, became critical for troop movements and resource deployment during moments of crisis. Bridges over the Spree River and open squares like Alexanderplatz were pivotal in facilitating defence and occupation. These logistical dynamics contributed to the city’s resilience and vulnerability during bombings. By examining Berlin’s geographical features, you’ll gain unique insights into the logistics of warfare and its human toll. Every building, bridge, and tree tells a story of survival and endurance in the face of destruction.
8. Stories of Resistance
Statue located in the courtyard of the German Resistance Museum
Amidst the chaos and oppression of World War II, countless unsung heroes emerged from the shadows of Berlin, risking their lives to resist the Nazi regime. On our walking tours, you’ll encounter stories of remarkable courage, from non-violent movements like the White Rose to individuals who bravely helped Jews escape persecution. These acts of defiance provide a glimpse into the courage and humanity that persisted during some of the darkest times in history. As you walk the streets of Berlin, these stories will resonate, reminding us that resistance can come in many forms, often led by ordinary people who refuse to accept tyranny. Hearing these stories makes for a fantastic tour experience.
Hitler shows Mussolini the aftermath of the July 20th bomb plot
The stories of resistance challenge our conventional definitions of heroism. The people behind these efforts were often students, teachers, soldiers, and everyday citizens who understood the risks but believed in the necessity of standing up for what was right. The White Rose movement, for example, stood as a powerful symbol of moral resistance, distributing leaflets that called for non-violent opposition to the Nazi regime. Seeing these sites and learning about these individuals adds depth to your tour, prompting reflection not only on the past but on the present—reminding us that standing up for justice and compassion is as important today as it was then.
9. The Jewish Quarter
The New Synagogue on Oranienburger Strasse in the district of Mitte is a building of outstanding importance for the history of Judaism in Berlin.
Berlin’s Jewish Quarter is a powerful reminder of the city’s complicated and painful past. Once a vibrant centre of culture and commerce, it underwent a profound transformation during and after World War II. As you walk through this area on a tour, you will see how it once was full of life and creativity—a hotbed of intellectualism and art—before it became a site of unimaginable tragedy during the Holocaust.
Today, the Jewish Quarter is experiencing a renaissance, a symbol of remembrance and renewal. Heartfelt memorials and new cultural spaces sit alongside historical landmarks, telling a story of resilience and hope. By walking through the quarter, visitors pay homage to the past and celebrate the rebirth of community and culture. This evolution teaches us to acknowledge our past and shape a more inclusive future. Walking in the Jewish Quarter in Berlin will give you a deep understanding of the city’s history and culture.
10. Cultural Resilience after the War
Modern Berlin Skyline
In the aftermath of World War II, Berlin rose from the ashes with extraordinary cultural resilience. The devastation that had reduced much of the city to rubble also provided a blank canvas for artists, intellectuals, and creators who transformed trauma into creativity. Berlin’s cultural rebirth was fueled by a desire to reclaim and redefine its identity, leading to the emergence of art, music, and ideas that would shape not only the city but also modern Germany. As you explore the city on our walking tour, you’ll witness how Berlin’s spirit of resilience is woven into its post-war cultural landscape.
The Cold War that followed the war’s end further shaped Berlin, as the city became a symbol of the ideological divide between East and West. Our Cold War tours delve into this period of Berlin's history to provide a deeper understanding of how Berliners navigated a city split in two by walls but united in their pursuit of freedom and creativity. From the rise of underground art movements in East Berlin to the bustling cultural scene that flourished in the West, Berlin’s post-war history is one of defiance, survival, and artistic innovation.
Conclusion
Walking through Berlin on one of our tours is much more than a chance to see historical landmarks—it’s a journey through time, offering you a deeper understanding of the city and the people who live here. From stories of resistance to the powerful memorials that stand as reminders of the past, each step on your tour will deepen your knowledge of World War II and how its impact shaped modern Berlin. Every fact, every site, and every story adds layers of meaning, allowing you to connect with the resilience and spirit that define this incredible city.
At On the Front Tours, we are dedicated to providing an immersive experience that resonates with each visitor. Our expert guides are passionate about Berlin’s history and will ensure that you leave not just with vivid memories of the places you visited but also with a deeper appreciation for the lessons this period in history continues to teach us.
Let’s walk through history together and discover what awaits you in the heart of Berlin.
This article was written by Matthew Menneke.
Matt is the founder and guide of 'On the Front Tours', offering military history tours in Berlin. Born in Melbourne, Australia, Matt's passion for history led him to serve in the Australian Army Reserve for eight years. With a degree in International Politics and a successful sales career, he discovered his love for guiding while working as a tour guide in Australia. Since moving to Berlin in 2015, Matt has combined his enthusiasm for history and guiding by creating immersive tours that bring the past to life for his guests.
Reichstag: Among Top 10 WWII Sites to Visit in Berlin — On the Front Tours
Top 10 WWII Sites in Berlin: History, Memorials & Must-See Locations
Welcome to the On the Front blog, where we discuss all things WW2.
In this blog, I provide a breakdown of my top 10 World War II sites that everyone should see when visiting Berlin. Now I know what you are thinking: there is a lot of history in Berlin, and you are right, so for this list I based my decision on 3 main criteria:
First: These sites are significant for both History buffs and those just wanting to learn more about the Second World War
Second: These sites tell the story of the Nazi Party's rise and fall
Third: They are all within walking distance of each other
Introduction: Berlin at the Crossroads of History
Berlin stands as a city shaped by the tides of history, its streets and buildings bearing witness to both moments of brilliance and times of darkness. As the capital of Germany, Berlin played a pivotal role during the rise of the Nazi regime and throughout World War II. The city’s legacy is marked by cultural achievements and intellectual vibrancy but also by the scars of war, destruction, and oppression. Among the most notorious episodes in Berlin’s history are the Nazi book burnings of 1933, when university students and professors gathered to destroy books written by Jewish authors and other works labelled as “un-German”. These book burnings were more than just the destruction of written materials—they were a symbolic act of political and cultural opposition, signalling the start of a new era of state censorship in Nazi Germany. Today, Berlin’s history serves as a powerful reminder of the dangers of intolerance and the importance of safeguarding freedom of expression
The Reichstag
Commissioned in 1871 by Otto von Bismarck, the Reichstag was a symbol of the political unification of Germany, uniting the German-speaking states, with the exception of Austria, to form the German Empire.
The Reichstag, though, was not important to the Nazis, as it was left as a ruin after being destroyed by fire on the 27th of February 1933. Although the building itself was not important, the Nazis were able to capitalise on the fire and bring about sweeping reforms to solidify their hold on power. The Nazis used the Reichstag fire as a pretext to suppress political opposition, targeting dissenters and consolidating their control.
Fast forward 12 years, and you have the Soviets knocking on the door of Berlin. Seen symbolically as the crowning jewel for the Soviets, the Red Army fought bitterly to take the building, capturing the site on April 30th, 1945. The scars from the battle can still be seen in the façade today, although great effort has been made to patch the damage.
After the war, the Reichstag was left as a ruin until the collapse of the Soviet Union and Germany’s reunification in 1991. Extensive renovation was needed before the site officially reopened again as the German Parliament in 1999, once again reunifying the country politically.
The Brandenburg Gate
Undoubtedly, the national symbol for Germany, the Brandenburg Gate, was constructed in 1791. The Brandenburg Gate in many ways became the focal point of much of Nazi propaganda and celebrations, perhaps none more spectacular than Hitler's 50th birthday celebration. The streets were lined with National Socialist flags and pillars adorned with the swastika and the Nazi eagle.
The Brandenburg Gate today, however, represents a very different message. One of unity and freedom, not just for Germany but I think also for wider Europe and even the world. The symbolism has evolved over time, shifting from a political symbol to a symbol of unity following the fall of the Berlin Wall.
New Guardhouse
Constructed in 1813 in commemoration of the War of Liberation against Napoleon. In 1931, the New Guardhouse became a monument to the fallen German soldiers of the First World War under President Hindenburg and was used extensively by the Nazis for parades and to highlight German victimisation after the war under the unpopular Treaty of Versailles. Regular changing of the guard ceremonies would also take place, attracting large crowds.
After the Second World War, the monument was converted to a memorial to the Victims of Fascism and Militarism under the German Democratic Republic (GDR). The remains of an unknown soldier and concentration camp victim were interred under an eternal flame, surrounded by soil from taken battlefields and concentration camps.
Rededicated in 1993, the remains still lie in the monument under the statue of the “Mother”. The Käthe Kollwitz sculpture in the centre of the monument depicts a “mother” embracing her dead son, helpless and turned to stone in silent pain.
The monument is a moving sight in the middle of this busy city and stands as Germany's central memorial for the victims of war and tyranny.
The burning of the books
On 10 May 1933, German students and student leaders, particularly from university towns across Germany, gathered at Bebelplatz, adjacent to the historic and prestigious Humboldt University. These student leaders, acting in a nationwide action “against the un-German spirit,” organised the book burnings, not as a direct order from the Nazi Party, but through their own initiative and the involvement of local chapters. Students burned upwards of 25,000 volumes of books that were deemed “un-German.” The book burnings took place in many university towns, notably Berlin, with local chapters sometimes choosing different dates for their events based on local chapter preference—some aligning with the traditional date of the summer solstice for such bonfire celebrations.
During these events, students threw books onto the bonfires as part of scripted rituals, often performing the Nazi salute and following the lead of high Nazi officials present at the ceremonies. Radio broadcast time was carefully scheduled, and radio broadcasts brought the speeches, propaganda songs, and ceremonial chants to countless German listeners across the country. The books that student leaders burned included works by Jewish authors, socialists, critics of fascism, and other writers, such as Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, and Ernest Hemingway, among many others. This deliberate destruction of literature represents an attempt to erase foreign influences, Jewish intellectualism, and other forms of dissent from German culture. The phrase “wo man Bücher verbrennt” (“where they burn books”) became a chilling symbol of this cultural purge, echoing the warning in Heine’s famous quote. The book burnings were seen as an ominous sign of the regime’s broader intent to suppress intellectual freedom, using the public context of these events to send a message of cultural purification and the creation of the “future German man” moulded by Nazi ideals. The campaign also targeted the German language and national language, aiming to purify them from perceived corruption and non-Aryan elements. The evil spirit of past ideas and philosophies was invoked as justification for this literary purge, as the regime sought to overwrite Germany’s intellectual heritage.
The monument today depicts a sunken library showing what is missing with the ominous quote from Heinrich Heine:
“That was but a prelude; where they burn books, they will ultimately burn people as well.” - Heinrich Heine
The Nazi book burnings were not isolated incidents but rather a key part of the Nazi regime’s broader campaign to reshape German society according to their ideology. In the years leading up to World War II, the Nazis sought to eliminate dissent and enforce traditional German values by targeting any ideas or works they considered “un-German”. This literary purge was accompanied by widespread newspaper coverage and orchestrated radio broadcasts, which brought the Nazi message into countless German homes. The regime’s efforts extended far beyond burning books—they also persecuted Jewish authors, intellectuals, and anyone whose views did not align with Nazi ideology, destroying other written materials and silencing opposition. Institutions like the US Holocaust Memorial Museum offer further information on the significance of these events, helping us understand how the Nazi book burnings fit into the larger context of cultural control and propaganda in Germany during this era. The campaign to synchronise German culture was a crucial step in the Nazis’ path to power, setting the stage for the horrors of World War II.
Soviet memorial - Tiergarten
The overwhelming early success of the German Wehrmacht, aided by the use of Blitzkrieg tactics, enabled the German Army to conquer all of Western mainland Europe in just two years. Overconfident, Hitler now turns his attention to the east to defeat what he saw as the real enemy of National Socialism, the Soviet Union. Operation Barbarossa, launched on June 22nd, 1941, was the largest land invasion the world had ever seen. Expecting the Soviet Army to collapse, a quick victory was anticipated by Christmas.
The invasion would ultimately be their undoing. We cannot underestimate the brutality of the fighting in Eastern Europe, with Stalingrad serving as the turning point for the Soviets in 1942.
Three years later, on April 20th, 1945, the Soviet Red Army reached the outer city limits. The ensuing battle would be one of the bloodiest during the war, resulting in over 80,000 Soviets killed, 2,000 of whom are buried in the grounds. The Soviets quickly erected the memorial following Germany's surrender, using recycled material from Hitler's Reich Chancellery and the surrounding political buildings. Battle scars can still be seen in the moment from the recycled stone used in the construction.
Built in the British sector of Berlin, the move was initially welcomed until the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, after which it quickly became seen as a sign of communist provocation. Soviet Honour Guards were used to protect the monument from vandalism, but as tensions rose, the British government was forced to intervene and station British soldiers here as well to protect the monument from protestors.
Memorial to the murdered Jews of Europe
Located in the heart of Berlin, the memorial serves as a striking place of remembrance. Designed by New York architect Peter Eisenmann in 2005, there is no official explanation, making the memorial unique.
Open on all four sides, the space features 2,711 concrete blocks of varying sizes. The memorial slopes inward on uneven ground in an almost wave-like fashion, giving visitors a feeling of instability or uncertainty.
What I think makes this monument so special is that, as no official explanation has been provided, it is up to the visitor to develop their own understanding through interaction with the space. This, in my opinion, creates a much longer-lasting impression on the visitor. Located in close proximity are also the memorials to the murdered homosexuals and the Roma and Sinti, two further groups persecuted by the Nazis.
The Führerbunker / Hitler’s Bunker
Located underneath what was the Reich Chancellery, Hitler's main office, was the Führerbunker. Construction first began in 1936, with an added phase of construction being completed in 1944.
Hitler moved into the bunker complex on the 16th of January 1945, along with his senior staff. Seldom leaving the safety of the bunker, he expected to attend military conferences in the undamaged sections of the Reich Chancellery or to walk his dog Blondi in the gardens. Hitler made his last trip to the surface on his 56th birthday, April 20, 1945, where he awarded the Iron Cross to boy soldiers fighting in the Hitler Youth.
In the days that followed, the situation in the bunker became desperate, with Hitler's ramblings of wonder weapons and moving fictitious army units with dreams of launching counterattacks to win the war becoming more and more delusional.
As the Soviet Army drew closer, Hitler accepted his time was up and, as an acknowledgement of her loyalty, would marry his long-time mistress, Eva Braun, in a civil ceremony on April 29th. Early the next morning, on the 30th of April, both Hitler and Eva would commit suicide. Hitler was adamant he did not want their bodies discovered out of fear they would be paraded through the streets and tasked his remaining loyal staff to have his and Eva's bodies incinerated. According to survivor testimony, the bodies wrapped in blankets were placed in a bomb crater and subsequently cremated—Hitler's remains have never been discovered.
Ministry for Aviation
At the time of its completion in 1936, in time for the Berlin Olympic Games, the Ministry for Aviation was the largest office building in Europe. Designed by architect Ernst Sagebiel, the building is the typical expression of National Socialist intimidation architecture, as its size and grandeur dominate the landscape.
The ministry, under the command of Hermann Goering, had a sole purpose: to support the Luftwaffe (the German Air Force) with aircraft and to design and develop new aviation technologies. The Luftwaffe was a key component of the German military and instrumental in the early success of the German Wehrmacht during World War II. Consequently, high-profile military parades took place in the streets. The ministry collapsed in 1945 due to severe shortages of fuel and material in the late stages of the war.
The building survived the war in remarkably good condition, suffering only minor damage. After the war, the building would serve as the headquarters of the Council of Ministers of the East German Government. Currently, it serves as the German Tax Office.
The Topography of Terror
A site of remembrance today, the Topography of Terror was the location of the SS headquarters under the command of Heinrich Himmler. The building complex housed the SS central command, the Gestapo, and the SS security service. The SS was the primary instrument of terror used by the Nazis to persecute their victims. The site consisted of several buildings, most notably the first-class Prinz Albrecht Hotel, which was commandeered by the SS in 1934. Combined, this location became a ‘house prison' to interrogate, torture, and execute prisoners.
In total, the Gestapo arrested more than 15,000 opponents to the Nazi regime. Who were such opponents? Anyone who dared speak against the Nazi Party: politicians, students, and protestors. Including those who neighbours and friends turned in for simply speaking ill of the Nazi party at home or at social engagements.
All that remains of the site today is the basement where prisoners were interrogated and tortured before being sent to concentration camps. A section of the Berlin Wall above is also managed by the exhibition and was not destroyed during reunification. These two sites combined serve as a warning to the world of what can happen if power is left unchecked. The ruins below represent the consequences of the Nazi Party and top the failures of Soviet communism.
Also on the site is the Topography of Terror exhibition. A fantastic museum that is free to visit, and if you're anything like me and enjoy reading everything, it will take you 3-4 hours to get through.
Anhalter Bahnhof
A relatively hidden site, Anhalter Bahnhof is one of the best places to get up close to the ruins of Hitler's Third Reich. Constructed in 1841, Anhalter Bahnhof was Berlin's largest and most opulent train station. With 44,000 passengers passing through the station each day. Badly damaged by Allied bombings, we have been left with the front façade of the station today. This fragment of Anhalter Bahnhof stands as a memorial to the Jewish community in Berlin, as Anhalter Bahnhof was 1 of 3 stations used in Berlin to deport some 55,000 Jews from the city.
In total, 9,500 Jews passed through the doors here in small groups of 50–100. Loaded onto specially marked passenger carriages, so as not to arouse suspicion. They were then transported to Theresienstadt in Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia and from there to concentration camps.
The modern Anhalter Bahnhof exists today as part of an underground section of the S-Bahn, Berlin's train system. If you follow my top ten list here, it is a great place to end, as the train connection here can take you directly to central Berlin.
The Human Cost: Impact of the War on Berliners
For the people of Berlin, the Nazi regime’s policies—including the infamous book burnings—ushered in a period of fear, repression, and unimaginable loss. Jewish authors, intellectuals, and countless others found themselves targeted, their works destroyed, and their lives upended. The trauma of these events rippled through the city, as tens of thousands were forced to flee, imprisoned, or ultimately murdered. The book burnings were a chilling prelude to the violence that would follow, marking the beginning of a campaign that would devastate Berlin’s vibrant cultural life and lead to the deaths of so many. Today, the city honours the memory of the murdered Jews and all those who suffered under the Nazi regime through powerful memorials and museums. The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe stands in the heart of Berlin as a stark reminder of the human cost of intolerance and the enduring need to remember the victims of the Holocaust.
Preserving Memory: How Berlin Honours Its WWII Legacy
Today, Berlin is deeply committed to confronting its past and ensuring that the lessons of history are not forgotten. The city is home to a wealth of museums, memorials, and historical sites, such as the Holocaust Memorial, the German History Museum, and the Berlin Wall Memorial, each offering insight into the city’s complex journey through the twentieth century. Beyond these physical spaces, Berlin invests in educational programs, cultural events, and commissioned articles that encourage reflection and dialogue about its history. In our digital age, preserving memory has become even more vital, as new generations access history through both traditional and digital means. The city’s dedication to remembrance is a testament to the importance of promoting tolerance and human rights. The words of Heinrich Heine—“Where one burns books, one will soon burn people”—echo through Berlin’s memorials, serving as a powerful warning against the dangers of censorship, oppression, and forgetting the past.
Conclusion
So that is my top 10 WW2 sites in Berlin. Please let me know your thoughts in the comments below if you agree with my list or if there are any other sites you think I should have included.
If you are interested in learning how to access these sites, please download the printable reader below.
Thank you for reading, and I'll see you next time, On the Front.
This article was written by Matthew Menneke.
Matt is the founder and guide of 'On the Front Tours', offering military history tours in Berlin. Born in Melbourne, Australia, Matt's passion for history led him to serve in the Australian Army Reserve for eight years. With a degree in International Politics and a successful sales career, he discovered his love for guiding while working as a tour guide in Australia. Since moving to Berlin in 2015, Matt has combined his enthusiasm for history and guiding by creating immersive tours that bring the past to life for his guests.